Changing Roles of Worker ( Evolution of Management) Essay

Changing Roles of Worker ( Evolution of Management) - Essay Example Focus would be over an article by Lauren Keller Johnson entitled Are you getting the most from your knowledge worker? (2006). Moreover, the paper would revolve around the evolution of management roles particularly from a boss to a coach or player role. In order to explore the shift in roles, the paper would elaborate and describe the roles of the player/coach, how this role is achieved by a manager. Moreover, it would discuss over how the manager identifies knowledge workers without having proper means to identify, measure and quantify knowledge itself. Changing Roles of Workers According to Austin (2006), a knowledge worker is someone who is not hired to do manual work as they are most productive when given the autonomy to work with their skills as they are the workers who are employed due to their deep knowledge over a subject, this quality of the knowledge worker makes them exclusive and diverse from traditional workers. A precise characterization of knowledge workers can be quote d by Davenport in his article â€Å"Knowledge work and the Future of management’ (2001) which states them as â€Å"the workers who contribute in disseminating knowledge such as product development engineers, or the workers whose work revolves around the application of knowledge, such as financial auditors† Furthermore, Austin claimed that with when dealing with knowledge workers, the management is more democratic as opposed to being autocratic and where bosses are more like knowledge managers rather than leaders. This evolving role of bosses is recognized by Davenport as marking eight key trends of the player/coach role these trends include performing tasks themselves rather than only supervising it, replacing the organization of hierarchies by allowing the formation of communities, understanding the nature of the work and devising work design models instead of enforcing them, having a more open approach towards training while discouraging redundancy and demoralizatio n, replacing manual skills by those that contribute in building knowledge, focusing upon invisible performance achievements rather than evaluating visible achievements, promoting a culture of knowledge versus one of ignorance, and finally, nurturing bureaucracy (Wagner, 2002) Often managers fail to recognize the abilities of the workers to become knowledge workers when in actuality, every worker is a knowledge worker as they would be able to, if given the opportunity, assume the roles of player/coach as it was envisaged by the eight trends mentioned earlier. A worker being employed by an organization would be, with the passage of time, adding his or her knowledge into the corporate culture of the organization. The enhanced corporate culture would become a strong aspect for the business as it would help in improving the work practices by adding value to the knowledge base of the organization and helping it function better. The process would bring out the role of a coach/player from a knowledge manager who was initially a knowledge worker in the organization. A vital measure of the efficacy of the knowledge manager is through the relationships that they inculcate and maintain (Serrat, 2008). The management of knowledge workers can only be accomplished by managers who do not only possess the skills of good leaders, but who are equally as competent being team players and followers. It involves progression of talent by influencing skills of knowledge work

Biography Of Tim Burton Film Studies Essay

Biography Of Tim Burton Film Studies Essay His first job for Disney was in The Fox and the Hound (1981). This first work was brief because the studies considered the artistic profile of Burton would fit more in the conceptual art of the Black Cauldron. The Burton designs and ideas for both films were not used to not be understood by Disney. After leaving work on the Disney movie Tim Burton began to develop more personal projects, including his first two shorts, (Vincent and Frankenweenie ) the quale they had very good acceptance by the critics and the public. Also began to write and illustrate a Christmas poem, which years later would charge life, Nightmare Before Christmas. Burton befriended Julie Hickson executive and manager of creative development of Disney, Tom Wilhite, amazed by his talent decided to finance his first short film Vincent to $ 60,000. It was during this time that Burton learned and specialization in the art of stop motion, for two months along with other entertainers Burton skilled in the art, Vincent created a black and white story, based on some stories of Edgar Allan Poe. To achieve this Tim Burton enlisted the help of his favorite actor Vincent Price who gave voice to the narration of the story. The play received numerous awards in Chicago and France, still not commercialized Disney ever. In 1984, Burton created his first non-animated short film, Frankenweenie it was based on Frankestain of James Whale, the play was a childs efforts to resurrect his dog Sparky hit by a car. For this short featured actors Burton Barret Oliver, David Stern and Shelly Duval. The film received a Saturn Award nomination. However, at the end of production Disney Tim Burton decided to dismiss, holding that the short was too scary for younger audiences. It was not until 1994 after the success of future work of Burton when he began selling. 1.2.4-The consolidation of Burton as director and producer. The big venture of Pee-wee: Despite the failed working with Disney, Burtons work began to have some spread and caught the attention of some producers. Griffin Dune including that offered Burton directing a comedy called After Hours in 1985, was finally Martin Scorssese in charge of directing this movie. That same year the actor Paul Rubens Burton offered to direct a film about his famous comic character Pee-wee Herman. This work was the first Tim Burton film as director and production was a success since its initial cost 7 million dollars, box office obtained profits of more than 40 million dollars. In that same movie Tim Burton Danny Elfman asked to compose the soundtrack of the same, and so begin a director-composer collaborations more consolidated in the history of cinema. Beetlejuice: In 1988, Tim Burton took the opportunity to direct his second film, Beetlejuice was a black comedy. The film told the story of a couple that after buying a nice house with a fatal traffic accident. After discovering his tragic end the couple, now ghosts trying to make out the new tenants of the house with the help of an eccentric bioexorcist Beetlejuice. This time the film featured in the cast, Michael Keaton, Winona Ryder, Alec Bldwin, and Geena Davis. Received several awards including an Oscar for best makeup and box office earnings of 80 million dollars. Batman: A Burton was offered in 1989 the possibility of directing the first feature film from the Batman comic book character. The director accepted the job, provided they can choose the actors and film aesthetics. Burton and producers Warner Bros have been involved in numerous discussions of pre-production, as Burton wanted Michael Keaton as an actor who had worked with in Beetlejuice and the producers were thinking of a more muscular actor. Following the aesthetic of comic Burton finally got what he wanted, to use Keaton in the role of Batman and Jack Nicholson as the Joker, with the intention of attracting the public uninterested in superhero movies. The film was a success, and he got more than 400 million dollars, becoming the most successful movie of all time movies so far. Additional aesthetic mind chosen by Tim Burton for the city of Gotham City was adapted in the following comics. 1.2.5-The prodigious decade: Edward Scissorshands: In 1990, Burton wrote a new feature this would be interpreted by the idol of youth at the time that Johnny Depp would play the character of Edward, a being created by an eccentric scientist (Vincent Price, who play his last role before his death). Edward had human appearance but after the death of its creator was unfinished and had hands instead of one large scissors. Edward Scissorhands was filmed in Florida and is considered by many fans and critics of Burton as the best of his works, surely Edward Scissorhands is the work collected over the Burton aesthetic that makes a filmmaker unlike any other, either texture, color, character design or objects. Batman Returns: Although Warner Bros would not produce Edward Scissorhands, he was offered the opportunity to direct the sequel to Batman Returns, Burton accepted the condition of having full creative powers. For that film was Burton Michael Keaton again in the role of Batman, Danny DeVito in the role of the Penguin and Michelle Pfeiffer as Catwoman. The film received a lot of criticism for being too dark and not very close to children. Still get a revenue of 160 million dollars, the Warner Bros. decided not to have the services of Tim Buton upon learning that he was preparing a new dry with an aesthetic similar to that of Batman Return. So Burton decided to start preparing a new project, this time returning to its roots as an animator. Nightmare Before Christmas: Tim Burton had planned to write and illustrate a childrens story, but in 1993 just changing that story in his next film. Nightmare Before Christmas, is his great work of animation. Directed by Henry Selick, the film tells the story of Jack Skeleton, the king of Halloween, who wants to understand Christmas, adapting their habits as monarch to carry out this holiday. The film was made using Stop Motion techniques and although there was an overwhelming success at the box office, is considered a cult film and one of the best musical film ever made it. Ed Wood: In 1994, Burton made one of his lesser known films, a narrative biography of Ed Wood, considered the worst filmmaker of all time. Burton pays homage to the director (played by Johnny Depp) which considers a direct influence, for its horror and fantasy in this film involved Martin Landau, Bill Murray and Lisa Marie. Although there was much less commercial success, helped the Burton film cogiera more fans and reopen the interest in the film Ed Wood. Batman Forever: Despite its intention to conduct the next part of Batman, Warner Bros. decided it would be the director Joel Schumacher with the intention of bringing the film to children and Tim Burton would make his work as a producer. This fact caused that Michael Keaton to resign his role as protagonist, and was hired Val Kimler in place. Tim Burton aesthetic differ in many aspects of the film which was contrary. The film generated $ 335 million and Warner, hired Schumacher to fourth, where Tim Burton no longer participate. Mars Attacks!: In 1996 Tim Burton returns to direct a feature film is trying to Mars Attacks! This film is a hybrid of science fiction films of the 50th and the total destruction of the 70th went unnoticed at the box office, surely the fact first 5 months after the Independent Day, made the film to be discredited by critics and public American, but had very good reviews abroad and won many admirers in marketing in VHS and DVD. Sleepy Hollow: In 1999 Tim Burton returned to his more eccentric and supernatural world, based on a story by Washington Irving, which tells the story of the Headless Horseman. Featuring a new interpretation of Johnny Depp in the role of Forensic and Christina Ricci in the role of Karina Van Tassel. The film won an Oscar for best art direction and two BAFTA awards in the categories of Best Production Design and Best Costume. 1.2.6-Year 2000. Planet of the Apes: After his breakup with his wife Lisa Marie, Burton conducted a remake of the 1968 film of Franklin Schaffner. The film was a success, earning 68 million dollars in the first week of release. Still, the film was widely panned by critics and fans of Burton, to get away entirely from its style and dark, nihilistic style of the first version. Despite finishing with an open ending does not seem to be any intention on the part of Burton to continue the saga. Big Fish: In 2003, Burton surprised everyone again with a custom Disney, Big Fish is a film away from the dark world of Burton but that recreates an imaginary fantasy world full of surprises. The film received four nominations for Golden Globe And for many fans is the most amazing film. In this film, Burton had the interpretation of Ewan McGregor and his new wife Helena Bonham Carter. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory: Johnny Depp again which seems to be their star player, Tim Burton made this film based on a story by Roald Dahl, the film was a blockbuster hit 207 million in the U.S. alone. Characterization, and the voice of Johnny Depp in the role of Willy Wonka, was recognized in many ways as a film icon and aesthetic. 9: Tim Burton produced this animated film in 2009, the film received much criticism, even that is considered a beautiful aesthetic work, but lack of narrative. It is the first animated film that Tim Burton does not opt for the technique of stop motion and computer-created in its entirety. Alice in Wonderland: It is the latest project of Tim Burton so far, this commission from Disney, will debut in early 2010, and was the first film in which the director has used the technique of 3D. Based on the acclaimed work of Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland. Was criticized by fans to move far from their darkest work I have incorporated many Disney items. 2. THE ART DIRECTION 2.1- Aspects work of Tim Burton. When talking about aspects of the work of Burton, one must be aware that is not a conventional director, his work is mostly very personal issues, issues which have been consolidated in the audience and created a large pool of supporters and fans. When one analyzes the work of Burton put on his work with his film biography, which is particularly relevant as an artist who often uses his life experience and the elements that shaped his sentimental education. Situation is examined within the context of the Hollywood industry and explores the aesthetic and thematic constants that make up its visual poetry. It addresses gender concerns, the notion of fantasy and Gothic-Expressionist tradition to understand the work of an author who re interprets the cultural tradition from the perspective of post-modern. Addresses the problems and contradictions posed by both the traditional concept of film genres as the auteur theory. It is shown that not only approaches are compatible, but can also become complementary approaches that contribute to the depth and richness of film debate. It talks about the particular generic reflection made by the filmmaker in his films, connecting with the characteristics of postmodern culture in which it is immersed. We can say that Burton has done what he wanted and how much more freedom the author has been most successful has been his work as staff is much much deeper and more spectacular. Burtons work, as well as its broad scope, it is more appropriate to consider more than a genre, a mode of art that various related forms emerge. Referred to the existing theories about the fantastic, the subversive potential and its psychoanalytic implications. It puts a special interest in his themes and myths, as they all are evoked in the Burton films. Also includes the work of the filmmaker as a continuation of a tradition Gothic Expressionism, a continuous movement whose spirit, aesthetic and vital position opposed to the rationalistic attitude of classicism. It takes a journey through the elements of a tradition that Burton has been collected mainly through its cinema events. Tim Burtons heir and successor of the romantic spirit, its atmosphere and features icon-phy, aesthetics of the uncanny, his macabre sense of humor, the denunciation of social hypocrisy and society that denies freedom and individual identity, its emphasis on subjectivity, intuition and the irrational. Tim Burton is a very detailed, very thorough in their staging, from design, photography and music composed by Danny Elfman become key elements of dramatic expression. We consider Edward Scissorshands and Nightmare before Christmas, as two of its films that include and represent all poetic and visual work of director. Since in these two films is the very essence of the author, personal visually despendedoras the full potential of California director. 2.2-Influences: As an author, Tim Burton has had his artistic influences, both film, and painting. In this section we review their main influences, and the basic characteristics of his style. Any person who enters into the imagination of Tim Burton will realize that this is not a conventional writer, with a very personal style, and all his movies are some characteristics or aesthetic and narrative patterns. 2.2.1-Pictorial influences: We can find some reminiscences to German expressionism, particularly in some perspectives, altering the scenery, the kind of light and shadow and also on the themes of his films. Some authors of the movement, as Grosz or Otto Dix. Burton is also influences the Polish poster from the mid-twentieth century. The author surreal expressionism, Paul Klee tube also great significance in the beginning of the film director, especially in making puppets for his early films like Vincent or Nightmare Before Christmas. 2.2.2-Literary Influences: Without doubt the main literary influence of Tim Burton comes from Edgar Allan Poe, American writer, is considered one of the pioneers of the short story, and the father of the renovation of the Gothic, with their tales of terror. Unlike other authors such as Roger Corman, Burton has not shot any film based on a story by Edgar Allan Poe, but it has done with other authors like Washington Irving (Sleppy Hollow), Lewis Carroll (Alice in the wonders) (Sweeney Todd) based on the musical by Stephen Sondheim or (Charlie and the Chocolate Factory) by Roald Dahl and others. 2.2.3-Cinematic influences: Roger Corman is without doubt the great influence of Burton, his films of series B, Burton served as inspiration for many other directors. Roger Corman became famous in the 60s, go to the movies by Edgar Allan Poe stories and mixing genres of science fiction, horror and the occult in low-budget films, using actors low popularity as Boris Karloff or Bela Lugosi , or with actors little known at the time as Peter Fonda Jack Nicholson or Robert De Niro. Most Corman films were performed by Vincent Price, favorite actor and close friend of Burton used frequently at the beginning of this director. See Frankenweenie, or Edward Scissorhands. Princes last film before his death in 1993. Cormans influence is mainly reflected in films like Ed Wood and Mars Attacks. In Ed Wood, Tim Burton pays homage to another series B director, Ed Wood as the worst filmmaker of all time. 2.3-Technic recourses. 2.3.1-Stop Motion. Tim Burton is without doubt one of the most renowned film directors by the use of unconventional techniques for recording of his films, one of these techniques is the Stop Motion animation technique is to generate motion by displaying static objects photographs or successive frames at a given speed, creating the illusion of movement. This incredible technique began with Ladislaw Starewicz with the short film The Cameramans Revenge in which dead insects used to tell the story of a family destroyed by infidelity. Usually use 29 frames per second, which generate the illusion of movement giving the films made with this technique a realism as close to a conventional film. This fascinating technique requires time and patience for the detailed movements of the actors to others in an acceptable knowledge of photography, so Tim Burton has always surrounded by great directors of photography, in the case of Pete Kozachik, manager the technical section in such films as The Nightmare Before Christmas or Corpse Bride. We consider that Tim Burton is one of the artists who have promoted this technique in the last two decades, and why not say is who re-discovered this technique in the new public disuse in the 90s. Due to its popularity as a director and artist has made the genre of Stop Motion animation is made a place in the film industry. Burton himself has been linked in other photographic animation projects, some of them as a producer and some others as a collaborator. This is the case of The Nightmare Before Christmas, Burtons own work, but under the direction of Henry Selick, director also of other projects under the signature of Tim Burton, and James and the Giant Peach or coral. In the future, Burton is expected to redo any work using the technique of stop motion, some rumors say they may be Dear Dead Days, Charles Addams work he did in 1937 and subsequently came to TV screens under the title Addams Family in 1964. The work of Charles Addams is surely close to the Burton films especially recalling works such as The Nightmare Before Christmas Sweeny Todd or obscure pieces, with touches of macabre humor. 2.3.2-3D Animation. Tim Burton not only traditional techniques used for the filming of his animated films, however it was not until 2009, when the California director dared with a 100% digital. 9 was the title of his first work in 3D, which was a box office bomb, and certainly his least known works, the universe of apocalyptic 9 was directed by Shane Acker and produced and supervised by Burton. This first experience will not cower and Burton in 2010, premiere Alice in Wonderland, based on Lewis Carrolls books Alice in Wonderland and Alice Through the Looking Glass, directed by Tim Burton, and produced Disney Pictures The film was a box office hit but was severely challenged by critics and fans. In interviews after the release, Burton says the 3D technique is perfect for his latest film and claims to build his next film (a remake of Frankenweenie gilt work) thinking about the qual this technology brings extra realism to the viewer, However, he admits that is not going to go crazy and will not abandon the classic film format. 3-TIM BURTONS FILM ANALYSIS I chose Edward Scissorhands and Big Fish are two of the films in my opinion more representative of the work of Burton, the first of its popularity and to represent and act out all the poetic and visual narrative that represents the California director. The second has been chosen as the authors lesser-known films by the general public, and to have markedly different aesthetic in Edward Scissorhands, Big Fish still well preserved and fantastic narrative structure that characterizes the work of Tim Burton . Another of the facts that I have been decanted from Big Fish have been the thirteen years between a film and the other, and appreciate the evolution of cinema as well as an analysis of the time they were shot, the motives that pushed Burton to record these movies and what messages the author tries to convey to the viewer in each of them. 3.1-Edward Scissorhands Synopsis: The film begins with a colloquial conversation between an elderly woman and her granddaughter, which viewed from the window as snow falls and, curious, asks her grandmother the reason it snows. So, she begins her story His story begins when a makeup saleswoman named Peg, enters a house to sell beauty products. On entering the place is with Edward, a young man who was created from a robot and was not finished after the death of its creator, running with scissors instead of hands. Touched by his kindness and innocence decided to take him home. No one in her family (her husband Bill and son Kevin) seem uncomfortable with the presence of Edward and even the neighbors are interested in the mysterious guest Peg. However, to get Kims eldest daughter, Peg, it triggers a series of problems because it does feel uncomfortable with Edward at home. Edward falls in love with her. Edward Scissorhands Technical Data: Production year: 1990 Country: United States Director: Tim Burton Production: Twentieth Century Fox Producers: Tim Burton and Denise Di Novi Executive Producer: Richard Hashimoto Associate Producer: Caroline Thompson Argument: Tim Burton and Caroline Thompson Writer: Caroline Thompson Music: Danny Elfman Director of Photography: Stefan Czapsky Art Director: Tom Duffield Scenery: Rich Heinrichs (design) and Cheryl Carasik (decoration) Costume Design: Colleen Atwood Editing: Richard Halsey Hair Design: Yolanda Toussieng Makeup: Stan Winston Special effects supervisor: Michael Wood Duration: 107 minutes Starring: Johnny Depp: Edward Winona Ryder Kim Boggs Dianne Wiest: Peg Boggs Vincent Price: Inventor Anthony Michael Hall: Jim Kathy Baker: Joyce Monroe Robert Oliveri: Kevin Boggs Conchata Ferrell: Helen Alan Arkin: Bill Boggs Caroline Aaron: Marge O-Lan Jones: Esmeralda Dick Anthony Williams Officer Allen ÂÂ   3.2-Big Fish Synopsis: Edward Bloom is a man who recounts moments of her life by adding great features. When it does at the wedding of his son Will, it stops talking for years. Will work as a journalist in Paris when his fathers health worsens, Will returns with his wife Josephine to Alabama. On the plane, Will tells one story of her father, she knew a witch who showed him how he would die by looking through his glass eye. Throughout the film, Edward has some stories to tell of moments of his life. For example, explains that as a child, he spent three years in bed due to its rapid growth. After this, he becomes a successful athlete, but I think the town where he lives is too small for their ambitions. After meeting Karl, a misunderstood giant, began a journey with him. Edward goes through a haunted forest and reaches a village where she meets a poet called Norther Winslow. Before leaving the village, he promises to Jenny, a girl he met, he would return someday. Big Fish Technical Data: Production year: 2003 Country: United States Director: Tim Burton Production: Columbia Pictures Producers: Bruce Cohen, Dan Jinks Executive Producer: Arne Schmidt Associate Producer: Katterli Framentelder Plot: Daniel Wallace Writer: John August Music: Danny Elfman Director of photography: Philippe Rousselot Art Direction: Roy Barnes, Robert Fechtmen Set Decoration: Nancy Haigh Costume Design: Colleen Atwood Editing: Chris Chamia Hair Design: Coni Address Makeup: Gloria Belz Special Effects Supervisor: Eric Allard Length: 125 minutes Starring: Ewan McGregor: Young Ed Bloom Albert Finney: Senior Ed Bloom Jessica Lange: Senior Sandra Bloom Alison Lohman: Young Sandra Bloom Billy Crudup: Will Bloom Steve Buscemi: Norther Winslow Danny DeVito: Amos Calloway Helena Bonham Carter: Jenny Young, Jenny Senior, The Witch Matthew McGrory, Karl the Giant

Justinian I Essay -- essays research papers fc

Justinian I Justinian had a very significant role in world history. There are many things that are overlooked when speaking of Justinian. For instance, Justinian was a great architect. Many times we overlook the little characteristics of Justinian and we focus on the code of Justinian. Justinian was born a barbarian, probably born of Slavic parents in Illyia. We know nothing of his early years except that his uncle adopted him. His uncle was Justin I, the emperor of Constantinople. Then in 527 A.D., Justin made Justinian a co-ruler. Four months later, when Justin died, Justinian became the sole emperor. This was the beginning of Justinian’s famous rule, which lasted from 527 A.D. through 565 A.D. (The Reign of Justinian). The reign of Justinian was significant in many ways. First of all, it marked the final end of the Roman Empire. It was the establishment of the New Byzantine empire. It was also the beginning of Western Europe’s unique position within the civilization of the old world. The religion of Islam spread and the Franks rose to power (The Reign of Justinian). Among other things, Justinian’s rule saw a flourishment in the areas of architecture, the arts, and literature. It was a time of re-building for the empire. Justinian pursued an ambitious dream of restoring the old Roman Empire. In fact, Justinian led the Byzantine army in many wars to regain this land. These wars destroyed much of the great architecture that Justinian himself had created. More than any other series of events before of since that time. Justinian was successful in driving out the Ostrogoths from Italy, and the Vandals from Africa. During the western wars Justinian bought peace with the Persians, weakened the empire, and oppressed his subjects (Justinian). Justinian tried to restore the empire to match the size that it was at the time of the Roman Empire. These immense military efforts did all but exhaust the empire’s treasury. He even had to pay Persia for peace just so that he could have a free hand in the west. However, even after Justinian’s immense efforts, after his death, most of Italy, Southern Spain, and Africa were once again recaptured, leaving only Justinian’s dream of restoring the empire to the glory it once knew. His dream had failed (The Empire at the time of Justinian). The westerners didn’t want to return to some of the old Roman ways such as Roman taxation,... ...e of the capital city, a number of distinguished literary figures of Justinian’s time popped up. Their works were largely influenced by the great Greek philosopher such as Aristotle and Plato. It is said that if Justinian had sided with the Christians when dealing with the Classical Greek teachings, he would be cutting a major part of his heritage. The people, most of which, were not prepared for such an action (The Empire at the time of Justinian). Even though his dream of restoration had failed, he didn’t fail in all areas. many of the areas such as art, literature, architecture, and the famed Code of Justinian, are still around today. Parts of the code are found in laws of different countries. Justinian’s reign would prove to be beneficial not only to his empire, but to the world as we know it today. Justinian was a very important ruler who did much to influence history. Bibliography Empire at the time of Justinian, The- www.greece.org/Romiosini/constple.html Justinian- www.ukans.edu/kansas/medieval/108/lectures/justinian.html Justinian’s Code- www.wwlia.org/history.htm#529 Reign of Justinian, The - www.ukans.org/kansas/medieval/108/justinian.html *All authors are unknown*

Case

It is obviously that the senior partner that I have made an appointment with already has done her ‘interviews' with different competitors who is trying to selling the similar product to the same person. The senior partner IS already done her homework between the four or five competitors, including the office machine you are trying to sell. When the senior partner asked me about why my machine is better than bran X; I simply reinstated the benefits of why my machine is better than bran X. I gave the best pitch I could to her with all of my true knowledge about the office machine and benefits that would help her.There are some â€Å"What l? ‘ scenarios that could of played out with my appointment with the prospect: 1 . Could of told the senior partner that the machine that am selling to her has this many more features, benefits, and any other small function and exaggerate its description. This would have been an unethical conflict because I am pitching false advertisement to my buyer, whether or not it is true or false. 2. Another way that I could of responded to her is to say that my machine is the best because of this and that, and flat out say a little white lie. It would have been easy to tell her a little white lie about our office machines. Could of thrown out the paper or even crumple up the paper and say that the company's marketing research of the Brand X 2000 is full of crap. That company is trying to make themselves look better than the rest, and put down their competitors, whether or not I know it was an obvious lie. If was to do any one of the three that I have just listed, that would of bee an ethical conflict. If I was to tell her little white lies, that would be another ethical conflict between the company and the prospect. Companies want to build a relationship with their potential buyers, and continue to grow the allegations.By having an employee from the company lie to their buyers would crumble the relationship, potentially ending it. This ethical conflict would not be just any ethical conflict, but a business ethical conflict. However, I believe that there is an business ethical conflict that occurred in this case. The business ethical conflict is how the company, the one company the prospect has in mind, gave her their Market Research Brand X, 2000. It violated the business ethic code. That specific business is targeting their competitors, bring their reputation down, allowing that company to shine above the rest.My response to the chart on the piece of paper was neutral and was the most professional response, despite how angry I was. Would you try to reverse your prospect's decision? Why or Why not? I would not try to reverse my prospect's decision, especially if it seems like she has a) basically made up her mind on which machine to get, but needs ensure that she listened to the different office machines and b) she did her ‘homework' on the competitors office machine. The reason why would not rever se is because if she is almost certain on which type of office machine to SE, it would be a waste of both, the prospect's and mine's time. Case Bed Bath & Beyond (B&B, vim. Featherbedding. Comb the power retailer of domestics and home furnishings, has annual sales of $7 billion and a net Income of $562 million. The firm's profitability can be explained by Its Increasing gross profit margins at the same time It decreases selling, general, and administrative (AS) expenses as a percent of sales.B Is able to Increase Its gross profit margins due o Its excellent atmosphere, wide assortments, and a deep variety within most merchandise lines. Its control over AS expenses is partly due to the outsourcing of its distribution centers to a third party. B has opened hundreds of stores over the last few years, ranging in size from 30,000 to 80,000 square feet. Because it uses a flexible real-estate strategy, B is able to situate in a variety of locations. B is now also being allowed into large shopping centers. In the past, department store anchor tenants blocked B.In 2004, B had about 630 stores with a total of 20. Million square feet o f store space. By the end of 2008, these numbers had expanded to nearly 1,000 stores with 31 million square feet of store space. Its long-term goal is to operate 1,300 stores. In addition, B plans to remodel and expand many existing stores. In 2003, B purchased Christmas Tree Shops (www. Chromatography's. Com), a chain of stores specializing in software and household items. Although the Christmas Tree Shops' name suggests that it concentrates on Christmas merchandise, the chain Is positioned against Pier 1 (win. . Piper . Com). In March 2007, 88&8 acquired buybuyBABY (www. buybuybaby. Com), a retailer specializing in infant and toddler merchandise. In December 2007, B opened Its first foreign 88&8 store In Ontario, Canada. In May 2008, B purchased a 50 percent equity Interest In Home & More, a Mexican home goods retailer that operated two stores In Mexico City. B management (as well as many retail analysts) attributes the chain's strong sales performance to Its superior customer ser vice. B&B Is obsessive about Its consumers receiving a consistently high level of customer service.For example, one cent shopper at a suburban Long Island store reported that a sales clerk was highly attentive: When the shopper asked the clerk where she could find a set of dishes listed on a bridal registry, the clerk immediately dropped what she was doing. The clerk then located the dishes and stood by the shopper as she decided whether to purchase the set and even had the dishes brought to a nearby checkout so that the the checkout to facilitate the transaction. In 2008, B&B was tied for second place in an annual study of the top â€Å"20 Most Competitive Retailers† in the United States.The study, conducted by Capering win. Capering. Com) and W Ratings Corporation (handwritings. Com), measured the ability of retailers to beat consumer expectations and deliver superior profitability. Each firm's rankings were based on its profits over the prior five years and the responses f rom a sample of 6,000 consumers. Questions 1. Explain how Bed Bath & Beyond practices the retailing concept. 2. Evaluate Bed Bath & Beyond growth plans. 3. How can Bed Bath & Beyond further increase the overall quality of its customer service? 4. Explain the concept of value from the perspective oaf Bed Bath & Beyond customer. Case Research on the history of Jet Blue (operational and performance highlights/ lowlights/milestones from 2000 to present) a. Identify the â€Å"strategic service vision† of Jet Blue, I. E. , target market, service concept, operating strategy, and service delivery system. Did their operating strategy and delivery system support the needs of their target market? B. From the research facts, did the owners/management of Jet Blue strictly adhere to their strategic service vision? Cite specific instances in their history to support your answer. C. How did Jet Blue achieve competitive advantage?What nominative service strategy did they use? Explain thoroughly. 2. What are the indicators used to measure quality and satisfaction in the airline industry? How did Jet Blue perform in terms of airline quality and satisfaction ratings through the years relative to Southwest and Air Train Airways? 3. How did Jet Blue perform on important airline metrics such as â€Å"cost per available seat m ile† relative to its competitors? 4. What do you mean by block time or block hours? A. How did Jet Blue and Its pilots perform on this productively metric relative to competitors? B. Given the figures and the facts, what do you think contributed to JetBlue's emotionally of productivity? C. Discuss the technology tool called â€Å"operational recovery system† that Jet Blue uses. How did this tool help Jet Blue achieve aircraft productivity? 5. Identify Jet Blue's service qualifiers, service winners and service losers. 6. Compare the routes flown by Jet Blue and Southwest. How did the choice of routes flown by these two airlines contribute to their success in the industry? Now that Southwest has entered the Boston route, what should Jet Blue's strategy be in order to retain its customers in that area? Lessons: 1. Crawls management preparedness Is a must! Service recovery can be viewed as a means to establish a loyal customer base. Case 4 By Clark Dustin-Young lowlights/mi lestones from 2000 to present) a. Identify the â€Å"strategic service vision† of Jet Blue, I. E. , target market, service concept, operating strategy, and service delivery a. How did Jet Blue and its pilots perform on this productivity metric relative to competitors? B. Given the figures and the facts, what do you think contributed to Jet Blue's minimization of productivity? C. Discuss the technology tool called â€Å"operational 1. Crisis management preparedness is a must! Case Bed Bath & Beyond (B&B, vim. Featherbedding. Comb the power retailer of domestics and home furnishings, has annual sales of $7 billion and a net Income of $562 million. The firm's profitability can be explained by Its Increasing gross profit margins at the same time It decreases selling, general, and administrative (AS) expenses as a percent of sales.B Is able to Increase Its gross profit margins due o Its excellent atmosphere, wide assortments, and a deep variety within most merchandise lines. Its control over AS expenses is partly due to the outsourcing of its distribution centers to a third party. B has opened hundreds of stores over the last few years, ranging in size from 30,000 to 80,000 square feet. Because it uses a flexible real-estate strategy, B is able to situate in a variety of locations. B is now also being allowed into large shopping centers. In the past, department store anchor tenants blocked B.In 2004, B had about 630 stores with a total of 20. Million square feet o f store space. By the end of 2008, these numbers had expanded to nearly 1,000 stores with 31 million square feet of store space. Its long-term goal is to operate 1,300 stores. In addition, B plans to remodel and expand many existing stores. In 2003, B purchased Christmas Tree Shops (www. Chromatography's. Com), a chain of stores specializing in software and household items. Although the Christmas Tree Shops' name suggests that it concentrates on Christmas merchandise, the chain Is positioned against Pier 1 (win. . Piper . Com). In March 2007, 88&8 acquired buybuyBABY (www. buybuybaby. Com), a retailer specializing in infant and toddler merchandise. In December 2007, B opened Its first foreign 88&8 store In Ontario, Canada. In May 2008, B purchased a 50 percent equity Interest In Home & More, a Mexican home goods retailer that operated two stores In Mexico City. B management (as well as many retail analysts) attributes the chain's strong sales performance to Its superior customer ser vice. B&B Is obsessive about Its consumers receiving a consistently high level of customer service.For example, one cent shopper at a suburban Long Island store reported that a sales clerk was highly attentive: When the shopper asked the clerk where she could find a set of dishes listed on a bridal registry, the clerk immediately dropped what she was doing. The clerk then located the dishes and stood by the shopper as she decided whether to purchase the set and even had the dishes brought to a nearby checkout so that the the checkout to facilitate the transaction. In 2008, B&B was tied for second place in an annual study of the top â€Å"20 Most Competitive Retailers† in the United States.The study, conducted by Capering win. Capering. Com) and W Ratings Corporation (handwritings. Com), measured the ability of retailers to beat consumer expectations and deliver superior profitability. Each firm's rankings were based on its profits over the prior five years and the responses f rom a sample of 6,000 consumers. Questions 1. Explain how Bed Bath & Beyond practices the retailing concept. 2. Evaluate Bed Bath & Beyond growth plans. 3. How can Bed Bath & Beyond further increase the overall quality of its customer service? 4. Explain the concept of value from the perspective oaf Bed Bath & Beyond customer.

Gryphon: Teacher and Baxter

â€Å"Gryphon† is a short story about women. Author showed two types of women. The first type represented by the teacher, and the second type represented by the narrator’s mother. The teacher represents women who are free and not restricted by family. She was not married, she traveled in order to explore the world, and she was well educated, while narrator’s mother was a typically housewife dependent on her husband and predestined to â€Å"full- time mothering at home† (Rich, 1996) In the first paragraph is presented Miss Ferenczi a substitute teacher.Unlike other boring normal substitute teachers, who â€Å"provided easeful class day, and nervously covered material† (Baxter, p. 15)into the class came woman they had never seen. â€Å"She was no special age but her face had two prominent lines, descending vertically from the sides of her mouth to her chin. I knew where I had seen those lines before: Pinocchio. They were marionette lines† (Baxt er, 2010). As she walks to the blackboard, picking up pieces of white and green chalk, she draws a large oak tree on the left side of the blackboard saying the class needs this tree in it. Then she told the class about her royal Hungarian ancestor.She was proud of her mother being a famous pianist who succeeded her first concert in London for ? crowned heads. The substitute teacher’s behavior and personality surprised her students because she was strange. She was different from their mothers, which were uneducated housewives sitting â€Å"silently at the back of the room, doing her knitting. † (Baxter, 2010) Narrator’s mother â€Å"face and hairstyle always reminded other people of Betty Crocker, whose picture was framed inside a gigantic spoon on the side of the Bisquick box† (Baxter, 2010). For him his â€Å"mother face just looked white† (Baxter, 2010).She always had chores to do; she was only interested in cleaning and cooking. She did not part icipate in the life of her son, she really did not talk to him, she just command. They only have time for talking when â€Å"the father gets home† (Baxter, 2010). Everything has to be prepared before† the Lord's† coming home. For her the most important thing was â€Å"to clean up before dinner† (Baxter, 2010). The diamond is one symbol that helps to convey this theme. According to Miss Ferenczi â€Å"diamond s are magic and this is why women wear them on their fingers, as a sign of the magic womanhood† (Baxter, 2010).Every young girl dreams of a fairy-tale prince and to live happily ever after. In the consciousness of young women is a deeply rooted compulsion to marriage. â€Å"Women have married because it was necessary, in order to survive economically, in order to have children who would not suffer economic deprivation or social ostracism†. (Rich, 1996) In a really life it turns out that marriage is a trap. Men manifest a male power and tre at â€Å"the institution of marriage and motherhood as unpaid production† (Rich, 1996). They â€Å"confine women physically and prevent their movement† (Rich, 1996).Also narrator’s mother was in this kind of trap. â€Å"She touched the back of her hand to my forehead and I felt her diamond ring against my skin† (Baxter, 2010). â€Å"The diamond in the world was cursed and had killed everyone who owned it, and that by trick of fate it was called the Hope diamond† (Baxter, 2010). The same as marriage could kill women’s creativeness and their independence. â€Å"Definition of male pursuits as more valuable than female within any culture, so that cultural values become the embodiment of male subjectivity: restriction of female self- fulfillment to marriage and motherhood†. Rich, 1996) In an attempt to show† the restriction of female self- fulfillment to marriage and motherhood â€Å" (Rich, 1996) Miss Ferenczi predicted the future of their students using a tarot. Predictions are shown to be different for girls and boys. In the girl’s future she did not see higher education but she saw an early marriage, many children and tasks of housewife life, while in boy’s future: travel, late marriage and â€Å"maybe a good life† (Baxter, 2010). It is a proof that the situation of women is the same for many generations regardless of time, place and culture. In the short story â€Å"Gryphon† were shown two women and two styles of life.A common part for these two women is just sex. The substitute teacher was as the fabulous beast – gryphon – â€Å"with the head and wings of an eagle and the body of a lion† (Baxter, 2010) meanwhile a narrator’s mother was like a most women, who need men as social and economic protectors. Work Cited Charles Baxter. â€Å"Gryphon†. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing. Laurie G. Kirszner and Stephen R. Mandel (7th Edition). : Bo ston: Wadsworth, 2010. 242-253. Print. Adriane Rich â€Å"Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence†. Feminism and Sexuality. Jackson E. Scott (1996).

Gyri and Sulci of the Brain

Gyri and Sulci of the Brain The brain has a unique appearance that consists of many folds or ridges and indentations. A brain ridge is known as a gyrus, while an indentation or depression is a sulcus or fissure. The cerebral cortex consists of gyri that are typically surrounded by one or more sulci. Gyri and sulci give the brain its wrinkled appearance. The cerebral cortex is the most highly developed area of the brain and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking, planning and decision making. Key Takeaways: Brain Gyri and Sulci Gyri and sulci folds and indentations in the brain that are responsible for its wrinkled appearance.Gyri (gyrus singular) are the folds or bumps in the brain and sulci (sulcus singular) are the indentations or grooves in the brain.Folding of the cerebral cortex creates gyri and sulci which separate brain regions, increase the brains surface area, and increase cognitive ability.Gyri and sulci form boundaries between the lobes of the brain and divide the brain into two hemispheres.An example of a sulcus is the interhemispheric or medial longitudinal fissure that separates the left and right brain hemispheres. The corpus callosum is found within this fissure.An example of a gyrus is Brocas gyrus, an area of the brain that is noted in speech production. Gyri and Sulci Function Brain gyri and sulci serve two very important functions. These hills and valleys help to increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex. This allows more neurons to be packed into the cortex and increases the brains ability to process information. Gyri and sulci also form brain divisions by creating boundaries between the lobes of the brain and dividing the brain into two hemispheres. The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes. The frontal lobes are located in the front-most region of the cerebral cortex. The parietal lobes and temporal lobes are positioned behind the frontal lobes, with the parietal lobes positioned above the temporal lobes. The occipital lobes sit at the posterior region of the cerebral cortex. Each of these brain lobes are responsible for several important functions. The frontal lobes are vital for motor control, thinking, and reasoning. The parietal lobes process sensory information, while the occipital lobes are the main centers for visual processing. The temporal lobes are important for language and speech production, as well as for memory and emotion processing. Brain Sulci or Fissures Below is a listing of several key sulci in the brain. Interhemispheric (Medial Longitudinal Fissure): This is a deep furrow located down the center of the brain that separates the left and right brain hemispheres. The corpus callosum is located within this fissure.Fissure of Sylvius (Lateral Sulcus): This deep grove separates the parietal and temporal lobes.Central Sulcus (Fissure of Rolando): This sulcus separates the parietal and frontal lobes.Collateral Sulcus: This furrow separates the fusiform gyrus and the hippocampal gyrus on the lower surface of the temporal lobes.Parieto-occipital Sulcus: This deep crevice separates the parietal and occipital lobes.Calcarine Sulcus: This grove is located in the occipital lobes and divides the visual cortex. Brain Gyri Listed below are a number of important gyri of the cerebrum. Agular Gyrus: This fold in the parietal lobe is the area of the brain that assists in processing auditory and visual stimuli. It is also involved in language comprehension.Brocas Gyrus (Borcas Area): This area of the brain, located in the left frontal lobe in most individuals, controls motor functions involved with speech production.Cingulate Gyrus: This arch-shaped fold in the brain is located above the corpus callosum. It is a component of the limbic system and processes sensory input concerning emotions and regulates aggressive behavior.Fusiform Gyrus: This bulge located in the temporal and occipital lobes consists of lateral and medial parts. It is thought to play a role in facial and word recognition.Hippocampal Gyrus (Parahippocampal Gyrus): This fold on the inner surface of the temporal lobe borders the hippocampus. The hippocampal gyrus surrounds the hippocampus and plays an important role in memory.Lingual Gyrus: This convolution of the occipital lobe is involved in visual p rocessing. The lingual gyrus is bordered by the calcarine sulcus and collateral sulcus. Anteriorly, the lingual gyrus is continuous with the parahippocampal gyrus and together they form the medial portion of the fusiform gyrus. Gyri and sulci are very important features of the central nervous system. Folding of the cerebral cortex creates these ridges and grooves which serve to separate brain regions and increase cognitive ability.

Amazing Grace and Relationships Essays

Amazing Grace and Relationships Essays Amazing Grace and Relationships Essay Amazing Grace and Relationships Essay The film Amazing Grace’ follows the quest of William (Wilber) Wilberforce to abolish slavery in the UK. He was a member in the House of Commons and his friend William Pitt became the Prime Minister. On Wilber’s endeavour he introduced a bill with the help of Pitt (who was also a strong believer of the movement, which is one of the factors that made them such close friends) and a group of anti-slavery activists which included Equiano, an ex-slave who was of African descent, and Thomas Clarkson, a friend devoted the abolition of slavery.Another on this team was former slave trader turned abolitionist John Newton, he knew what went on behind the scenes with the slavery business and found god and decided against what he had been doing. He wrote the hymn Amazing Grace’ which was a giant inspiration to Wilber, and guided him to spiritual peace with God, and encouraged him to the idea that he could best serve god in the House of Commons. Wilber’s relationship with Newton was special; they had respect for each other on not only a personal but also professional level.The relationship shared between this pair was so strong because of their mutual connection with god, they had both found what they believed in and could understand what each other was going through, as they were both of recognised members of enforcement and were openly Christian. But this anti-slavery bill put forward was abolished with the force of the likes of Lord Tarelton, leader of the pro-slavery head-liners, and the Duke of Clarence, who saw slavery as profitable and as no humanitarian issue.William saw no sense in him and found it utterly inhumane when they were playing cards and the Duke of Clarence put up his African coach drive as a prize, so he stormed off prize-less; undoubtedly this pair’s relationship was poor. After this bill was put down Wilber turned ill and had to leave London for a more relaxing location at a country home of his friends. He got his headspace cleared and re-connected with his lord that had been guiding him to humanitarian success.Here he properly met Barbara Spooner, who he fell in love with, and eventually married and had children with. Barbara had a unique relationship with Wilber, they first met and didn’t hit it off, but then as they began conversing and comparing views they fell deep into conversation and love; even though they did not agree on everything they could freely express their opinion with each other, without fearing that their relationship will break.It was Barbara who was the pushing force behind Wilber to put forward a second bill supporting the abolition of slavery. But before this happened England went to war with France, and this caused a rift in the relationship between Wilber and Pitt, as Pitt was focussed on the war but Wilber saw it beneficial to make peace and stay strong for the movement of anti-slavery rather than causing more trouble and getting too deep into the act of war.During the whole movie, which is about 20 years, this is the only bump in the relationship between these two, and it was resolved very quickly, so this shows that they obviously have a healthy relationship. They can express their opinion, and sometimes it may cause a jolt in their relationship, but this is because they are such highly recognised members of parliament, and they try to stick up for what they believe in but also the view of their each other at the same time, and this can obviously not always be done .The health of the Prime Minister took a turn for the worse and he died, one year before the passing of the anti-slavery bill. Throughout the more than 2 decade journey God was with Wilber the whole way, and was the main relationship in this story. Not only did their relationship grow stronger, but Wilber’s faith also kept him going, even against the opinions on how absurd it was that he believed in a higher power he had never even seen.

Slope of Regression Line and Correlation Coefficient

Slope of Regression Line and Correlation Coefficient Many times in the study of statistics it is important to make connections between different topics. We will see an example of this, in which the slope of the regression line is directly related to the correlation coefficient.  Since these concepts both involve straight lines, it is only natural to ask the question, How are the correlation coefficient and least square line related?   First, we will look at some background regarding both of these topics. Details Regarding Correlation It is important to remember the details pertaining to the correlation coefficient, which is denoted by r. This statistic is used when we have paired quantitative data. From a scatterplot of this paired data, we can look for trends in the overall distribution of data. Some paired data exhibits a linear or straight line pattern. But in practice, the data never falls exactly along a straight line. Several people looking at the same scatterplot of paired data would disagree on how close it was to showing an overall linear trend. After all, our criteria for this may be somewhat subjective. The scale that we use could also affect our perception of the data. For these reasons and more we need some kind of objective measure to tell how close our paired data is to being linear. The correlation coefficient achieves this for us. A few basic facts about r include: The value of r ranges between any real number from -1 to 1.Values of r close to 0 imply that there is little to no linear relationship between the data.Values of r close to 1 imply that there is a positive linear relationship between the data. This means that as x increases that y also increases.Values of r close to -1 imply that there is a negative linear relationship between the data. This means that as x increases that y decreases. The Slope of the Least Squares Line The last two items in the above list point us toward the slope of the least squares line of best fit. Recall that the slope of a line is a measurement of how many units it goes up or down for every unit we move to the right. Sometimes this is stated as the rise of the line divided by the run, or the change in y values divided by the change in x values. In general, straight lines have slopes that are positive, negative or zero. If we were to examine our least-square regression lines and compare the corresponding values of r, we would notice that every time that our data has a negative correlation coefficient, the slope of the regression line is negative. Similarly, for every time that we have a positive correlation coefficient, the slope of the regression line is positive. It should be evident from this observation that there is definitely a connection between the sign of the correlation coefficient and the slope of the least squares line. It remains to explain why this is true. The Formula for the Slope The reason for the connection between the value of r and the slope of the least squares line has to do with the formula that gives us the slope of this line. For paired data (x,y) we denote the standard deviation of the x data by sx and the standard deviation of the y data by sy. The formula for the slope a of the regression line is: a r(sy/sx) The calculation of a standard deviation involves taking the positive square root of a nonnegative number. As a result, both standard deviations in the formula for the slope must be nonnegative. If we assume that there is some variation in our data, we will be able to disregard the possibility that either of these standard deviations is zero. Therefore the sign of the correlation coefficient will be the same as the sign of the slope of the regression line.

The Strategic Role of Global Information Systems Essay

The Strategic Role of Global Information Systems - Essay Example Introduction The relationship between corporate strategy and information systems functions was not a central interest for the top management of organizations for some time. Information systems were primarily synonymous with corporate data processing and regarded as back-room operations to support the day-to-day operations (Ezingeard, McFadzean, and Birchal, 2007:99). However, the 80s and the 90s saw a growing realization of strategizing information systems for the organization. Interestingly, information systems have been present since the beginning of time, but the integration with information technology is a newcomer to the field. The functions of IT-based information systems have had significant impacts to organizations and people such that only a few (if any) company can afford the risk of ignoring these functions despite the fear and frustrations they evoke sometimes (Currie and Galliers, 2002:76). Some organizations regard information systems as unavoidable to remain in busines s, while others perceive the systems as a strategic opportunity that may proactively identify strategies to gain a competitive edge against competitors. Regardless of an organization’s stance, embarking of investment on information systems proves to be a non-reversible decision. Information technology has become powerful and cheap, and its use in organizations has spread at a rapid rate. Different management levels are using IT-based information systems in contrast to the earlier application at the operational level only. However, more organizations are focusing on improving efficiency and maintaining business effectiveness, as well as strategically manage organizations (Irani, Love, and Hides, 2000:23). The increasing complexity of managerial tasks translated to the complex nature of information systems required: from routine, structured support to unstructured, complex, ad hoc enquiries at the peak level of management. Information systems has the potential to change the way organizations work and the very nature of their business. In the information technology world, there has been introduction of electronic markets, where buying and selling occurs in a matter of seconds, disrupting the conventional distribution and marketing channels (Lacity and Willcocks, 2000:31). The advent of Electronic Data Interchange has not only increased transaction speed but also ensures subscribers of accuracy of information they receive from buyers and suppliers and perhaps reap cost reduction benefits using automated reordering processes. On higher strategic level, an organization may pass information to its customers or suppliers to provide or gain better service. Providing higher quality services to the customers than the competitors may result to the differentiation required to gain a competitive edge on a short term. However, continual improvement to the quality of services offered may enhance the competitiveness of an organization on a long-term basis (Magdaleno et al., 2008:305). However, the unprecedented and rapid change in information technology has profound impacts on IT-based informat

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Project management - Essay Example This research shows that the project had clear goals but unclear requirements and the frequent changes required rescheduling and resulted in budget overruns. Although the project had budget overruns, it however met the desired outcomes. This study has shown that the key elements of project management are critically important in meeting the objectives and goals of project and giving the desired outcomes. Project management is an art and a science that involves organizing, securing, planning and managing of resources with an aim to accomplish specified goals. A project can be defined as a short-term or temporary endeavor whose beginning and the end is clearly defined. Project management plays a significant role in facilitating execution of projects such as new software development, installation of new hardware or building a facility. As mentioned by Wessels, project management helps in selecting, managing and supporting of projects that are of significant importance in accomplishment o f an organization’s objectives, making it vibrant at marketplace and maximizing shareholders wealth. In an organization set up, various divisions and departments compete for scarce human and financial resources; project management plays an important role in rational decision framework enabling people to make the appropriate project investment decisions. Project management plays a critical role in management of outcomes mainly the cost, time and performance of the project. Projects are selected based on cost and benefit analysis where their return on investment is evaluated against cost of implementation. Role of project manager According to Lewis (2004, p. 19), project manager has the total responsibility to ensure that all project details are handled properly, this requires them to be highly proactive and not reactive. Project manager should follow up on things ordered or scheduled ensuring that things like requisition and purchasing are effectively running, project manager helps in project planning, controlling, monitoring and organization of project resources. Project manager plays a significant role in giving a project economic approach by determining its (ROI) return on investment. Project manager is also responsible for project risk management; he must identify risks, monitor and design effective response. He is also responsible for project reporting to the management of the organization. Key elements in project management Key elements in project management include managing and controlling project scope through clearly established aims, objectives and goals, managing cost element, managing risks, managing human resources, managing time planning, control and scheduling, and managing quality to meet the desired standards (Lock, 2007, p. 78). Project integration, management communications, procurement processes, and quality are also key element in project management. Managing the project scope Project management plays a critical role in ensuring that the aims, goals and objectives of the project are clearly and articulately established. Many projects fail due to wrong or unclear goals and requirements. With unclear goals, project experiences problems, however, with wrong goals, projects fail spectacularly (Rusell 2007, p. 45). Scottish Parliament has clear and articulate goals and objectives but had no clear requirements. Scottish parliament changed requirements of that projects several times, for instance they increased functions of the building demanding for more size and space, these changes caused various difficulties to the project team causing budget

Tegan as One of the Largest Educational Toys Distributor Assignment - 3

Tegan as One of the Largest Educational Toys Distributor - Assignment Example In the case of Tegan, the outsourcing offered some benefits since the company’s outsourcing partner Hrad Technica had possessed significant experience in that field. The Tegan entered into a fixed cost contract with Hrad so that Tegan can avoid further costs related to project development. The outsourcing concept has assisted Tegan to escape from the trouble of reinvesting in the technology. Figure 11.20 indicates that outsourcing process would benefit the firms to reduce the costs by approximately 40% (Developing information systems). The Tegan could also take advantages of various costs such as operational and maintenance costs and project development costs. Moreover, Tegan has not adequate expertise to develop a new A/P system itself. Therefore, it is identified that outsourcing the A/P project was the best-fitted move for Tegan when comparing with other available alternatives. From a detailed study, the outsourcing challenge â€Å"scope of a definition† was the fact or that worsened the outsourcing process. Most of the companies fail to define a specific scope for the proposed program while outsourcing their IT projects. These contractual misunderstandings raise many problems and weaken the project development. Under such circumstances, the beneficiary organization tends to believe that the required services are within the scope of the contract whereas the service provider argues that it is outside the contract and therefore the organization must pay extra fees. Same is the case happened with Tegan and Hrad. During the progress of the project, Hrad Technica identified certain system features such as â€Å"computational forecasting algorithms for selecting and ordering payments† that had not been defined in the initial scope of the contract (Staats & Upton). This situation led to time delay and the need for extra funds for the completion of Tegan’s project. There are some tradeoffs involved in having the requirements analysis for a project performed by one of the firms that would ultimately bid on the project. While performing requirements analysis, the project development firm must try to accumulate information regarding the client firm wherever it is possible. Sometimes, the firms send their official representatives to scrutinize the client’s current systems and practices even though it involves some additional costs. This practice may assist the project development team to acquire the client’s trust. Generally, outsourcing firms also give an opportunity for the client to posts feedbacks at various phases of project development. Although the client’s frequent intervention may interrupt the project development flow, it is a better strategy to provide improved services to the client firms.

Teaching learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teaching learning - Essay Example They normally fight within the class for no good reason whilst the teacher is teaching thus disrupting and bothering other prevailing classmates by throwing papers towards the students, pulling the female classmate’s hair The teacher ought to alter the strategy in order to curb and advance these students behaviors. Nevertheless, prior to the start of the class, the teacher ought to clearly and directly tell the students concerning the new classroom regulations. Moreover, the teacher outlines the consequences of fighting within the class, harassing the classmates and general misbehaving. The rules should to be written on piece of paper and hang them on an obvious place within the classroom wall. Subsequently, the teacher ought to choose a noticeable signal, which could be executed in case the teacher notices any misbehaving such as turn the classroom light steps off for few seconds. The teacher will not require any additional material for this signal. I think in case the teacher executes this signal consistently within the class, the students will comprehend it unconsciously. Since the lesson is about science, the teacher can utilize easy practical in

Martin Luther King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Martin Luther King - Essay Example One which will not leave more sufferings through people being arrested and even killed in riots and police retaliation. His followers were conditioned to only involve themselves in mass protests that were peaceful an example being the bus riot protest seeking an end to segregation in the buses and other transportation systems. His leadership as a civil rights activist compared to that of other leaders was marked with less bloodshed. Even though the masses and their perseverance to their just cause always caused a headache to the white people and the justice system, as well as other security branches of the government, in the end, they got what they were looking for and that is justice (Kirk 38). Other than seeking justice which was what he is famously remembered for, Martin Luther King Jr. was also deemed important because of his seeking equality for all as long as people lived in the same country. His young and old adulthood was marked with him seeking equality for people he did not even know about but did that because he believed in the human rights and in people being created equally and hence should be accorded equal treatment at all times. This did not mean that he did not respect the authority because he did but he wanted the same authority to use their power for just causes. He went to hotels and other public areas â€Å"preaching† the importance to equality among mankind and this is how he gained his popularity as a civil rights activist and started seeking justice later on in his life. Martin Luther King’s speech of â€Å"I have a dream† shot him to the highest of the popularity ranks and is still sensational up to date decades later after his death. He was elite and a very smooth-spoken and talented orator and public leader with excellent public speaking skills. This made him an autocratic leader moving people with just his words and paralyzing people with his speech.

Intercultural Conflict Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Intercultural Conflict Analysis - Essay Example Millions of immigrants go to foreign nations every year to find work and living. Labor immigration has become an important aspect to discuss in the world today because of the number of people, states and issues surrounding it. Million of foreign workers seek work in foreign countries such as oil-rich Saudi Arabia and Gulf States as well as the United States of America. According to the Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training in Bangladesh, the number of immigrants migrating to Gulf Cooperation Council between 1976 and 2009 are over 5 million. Saudi Arabia and United States are the topmost destinations. International labor market migration has increased in the recent past with countries such as Japan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Singapore and Mauritius being the newest destination. The rise in international labor market has resulted in an increased complexity with respect to political and human right challenges. As governments struggle in the face of increased political pressure to exercise vigilance in exercising rights and wellbeing of its citizens, conflicts seem to be increasing also. Issues of migrant worker exploitation and increased prejudice against migrant workers, with the later exerting more pressure on the already unpredictable overseas human capital markets. According to International Labor Organization (ILO), the concept of labor exploitation can be understood as rejection of the specific rights pertaining to the immigrant labor in contrast to the guidelines set by National Labor Laws. Labor exploitation includes maltreatment of labor, physical torture & abuse, sexual abuse from employers along with mental and psychological torture among others .

Martin Luther King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Martin Luther King - Essay Example One which will not leave more sufferings through people being arrested and even killed in riots and police retaliation. His followers were conditioned to only involve themselves in mass protests that were peaceful an example being the bus riot protest seeking an end to segregation in the buses and other transportation systems. His leadership as a civil rights activist compared to that of other leaders was marked with less bloodshed. Even though the masses and their perseverance to their just cause always caused a headache to the white people and the justice system, as well as other security branches of the government, in the end, they got what they were looking for and that is justice (Kirk 38). Other than seeking justice which was what he is famously remembered for, Martin Luther King Jr. was also deemed important because of his seeking equality for all as long as people lived in the same country. His young and old adulthood was marked with him seeking equality for people he did not even know about but did that because he believed in the human rights and in people being created equally and hence should be accorded equal treatment at all times. This did not mean that he did not respect the authority because he did but he wanted the same authority to use their power for just causes. He went to hotels and other public areas â€Å"preaching† the importance to equality among mankind and this is how he gained his popularity as a civil rights activist and started seeking justice later on in his life. Martin Luther King’s speech of â€Å"I have a dream† shot him to the highest of the popularity ranks and is still sensational up to date decades later after his death. He was elite and a very smooth-spoken and talented orator and public leader with excellent public speaking skills. This made him an autocratic leader moving people with just his words and paralyzing people with his speech.

Prior Learning Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Prior Learning Assessment - Assignment Example I also find myself quite social, when it comes to gathering and talking to people as I can effectively communicate with them and therefore it becomes easy for me to get along with people. Reading has allowed me to develop several competencies, one of which is thinking out of the box and being creative. Although I would completely agree to this fact that everyone is creative in their own separate way but not everyone recognizes this ability. Being creative helps you to gain competitive edge over others in several ways. Whether you are a part of an organization or starting your own business, having a creative and innovative mind helps you to stand out in the competition. Based on these competencies and skills possessed by me, I went through the list of courses being offered at Thomas Edison State College. On analyzing the courses I found that courses like organizational behavior, human resource management, international management, managerial communication, change management, advance o rganizational management, small business management, project management, sales management and advertising can be quite effective for me. The reason behind choosing all these courses is because they suit my competencies and skills that I have developed in all these years. All these skills require a person who is creative and can generate new business ideas. Written Assignment 2 My areas of expertise are communication, being social and generating new ideas and therefore I think that all the management courses being offered at Thomas Edison State can be a good option for me as they are according to my area of interest and they also match my competencies. Organizational behavior, human resource management, international management, managerial communication, change management, advance organizational management, small business management, project management, sales management and advertising are all management related courses and I found them quite interesting because the objective of thes e courses points towards practical and modern study of the business world. These courses can open a door to new opportunities for me to the business world. My competencies and skills will help to support my future career in the field of management and will help me to establish myself as an effective and successful manager. Written Assignment 3 Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain is divided into six different categories. These categories are knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation. These different categories define help in the development of knowledge and skills of individuals. Bloom’s taxonomy of cognitive domain is based on the mental skills. It is based on aspects such as recalling information and data. It also takes into account the interpretation of the instruction that the individual gains from its instructor and states the recognized problems in his or her own words, defining the concept learnt in the classroom in their own word s and it also helps individuals to distinguish between the concepts and facts that are being taught in the classroom. This cognitive domain also focuses on synthesis and evaluation. Synthesis can be defined as gathering different structures and pattern and then putting them together and looking at it as a whole. Evaluation is to interpret the ideas and concepts and give judgments accordingly (Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Domains). The students’

The Features And Translation Of English Slang

The Features And Translation Of English Slang Slang is the use of informal words and expressions that does not belong to the standard English, but it is acceptable in certain social settings. In our daily life, we can see the use of slang in the books, magazines and movies on TV, because slang is related closely to the national culture. The translation of English slang is required the translator to pay attention to the appropriateness of the language and the background culture. Key words: English slang, daily life, translation, appropriateness, culture Language is the tool for human beings to communicate with each other, it has no class nature. But it doesnt mean that people use the same language in different class. The languages used in different class have their distinct characters and color; they can reflect the speakers social background, status, artistic culture and industry background. In English, slang is a colorful word. But now, people can use slang in the conversation to make their language to be vivid, humorous and different from others. Especially, the youth keep trying to make new slangs in their conversations. Meanwhile, slang can help the conversation to be easy and friendly. So slang is used widely in our daily life, for instance in the books, magazines and movies. As a widely used language, slang has its own definition, features and ways of translation. In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc. In the Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary, slang is very informal words and expressions that are more common in spoken language, especially used by a particular group of people, for example, children, criminals, soldiers, etc. In English, there are Standard Usage, Colloquialism and Jargon. Standard Usage is used by most people in every situation; Colloquialism is used in informal situation, especially in informal conversations. Jargon is the different language used in different professions, ages, etc. Slang seems to be between Colloquialism and Jargon, it is not only the commonly used language among the most people, but also belongs to a social group. Slang is a conversational word with some color which is understood by most people. Slang has many features by what we can use and understand it easily. Firstly, slang is convenient and concise. Generally speaking, slang is easy, short and attractive; to the contrary, Standard Usage is like stiff and tedious. Most slangs are created by the public in the daily life, so its more convenient, expressive and vivid than Standard Usage. For example, if you want to evaluate some food, you will use delicious to praise and terrible to complain in Standard Usage. Delicious and terrible are polysyllable, their pronunciations are longer. On the contrary, you can use two symmetric and easy words to express, yummy and yukky. There is another example. Beer party can be expressed to kegger in slang which is very visual and vivid; both hop and dance mean dance, but people make a connection between hop and grasshopper crowhops happily in the grass. Secondly, slang is very humorous. As we all know, the American are humorous and imaginative, so most slang is expressed the Americans wisd om and humor. The Pentagon is called Target A in the slang, which satirize that America plays Pacific police in the world to interpose the other countries domestic affairs. In Chinese, we use à ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ˆ to describe someones waistline is exceed standard, and the American use lovehandles to describe it. Thirdly, slang is informal. For example, people always use telly to express television, some think telly is too formal so that they use goggle-box or the one-eye monster instead. When something is wrong with the television, it can be expressed to Its on the blink. Fourthly, slang is neoteric unstable and fast updated. The idea what is thought of suddenly can be expressed to brain storm; firemen is called smoke eater; airplane is called flying coffin; people who waste the time is called clock watcher. All these imaginative words are fresh so they are popular. In the modern society, students, servants and fans like to use slang in their daily life, meanwhile, they are not satisfied with the slang, so they always make new slang in their conversation. As time goes by, the new slang will make the old to lose their freshness and it will be replaced. Slang can be divided into two parts by the life, one is a flash in the pan, for instance, skidoo, peach, skirt, etc. and the other one can spread widely to become the Standard Usage, for example, baby-sitter, fire, boss, fan, yes-man, cop, etc. Finally, slang has synonymity. Slang has many vocabularies to describe the same thing, because every class will provide the new words for slang and it wont be stopped by too many words which are the same meaning. Slangs synonymity is expressed on die, drink, money and body etc. For example, die can be expressed to to kick the bucket, to turn it in, to turn ones toes up, to turn ones heels, to be agoner, to go up the flame; slightly drunk can be called fresh, lush, squiffy, tight; very drunk can be expressed to soaked, sozzeld, stoned; confused with drink can be called blitzed, fuddled, woozy. Besides, money can be expressed to brass, lolly, tin, dash, bees, dough, bread, honey. In a word, slangs expressional color and extent are enriched by the plenty of synonyms. When we understand the features of slang, we can translate and use slang better in our English study and daily conversation. Incontestably, there are some ways to translate slang. Firstly, transliteration is the fundamental way of translating slang. When there is no word to translate slang, we can translate slang based on its pronunciation. For example, salon, hacker, cool, Hippies and Yuppies can be translated into à ¦Ã‚ ²Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¾Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ·Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ £Ã‚ «Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã…’à ©Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ £Ã‚ «. But not all slang can be translated by transliteration, if we can find the proper way to translate, we should avoid using transliteration. Secondly, literal translation is the common way to translate slang. It can keep the content and form of the text; meanwhile, it can help us to understand the western culture. But literal translation is difficult, because w e shouldnt make the readers confused in our translation. For example, Mark is an old hand in fixing cars. can be translated into à ©Ã‚ ©Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ ¨Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ®Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦- ¹Ãƒ ©Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬  Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ an old hand is a slang; it can be literally translated into à ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ which means be good at. Literal translation can make the English sentence to be humorous and enrich the Chinese vocabulary. Thirdly, free translation is more common and flexible than literal translation; it keeps the content of the text except the form. For example, Dont pull my leg. may be translated into à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¿, but it should be translated into à ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ «Ãƒ §Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ §Ã… ½Ã‚ ©Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. We must use free translation to in stead of literal translation here, because we must pay attention on the meaning of the sentence instead of the form. Finally, replacement is the important way to solve the problem to translating English slang into Chinese. Different countries have different cultures and ways of thinking. We can replace the image to avoid missing the special meaning. For example, cat is the pet of the Europe and it means woman in their culture. So models walk is called catwalk. In a word, when we meet cat in English sentences, we should translate it into human first. She called me a copy cat just because my shoes look like hers. a copy cat can be translated into à §Ã…“†¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ º. Actually, there are many ways to translate slang into Chinese. We should keep learning their culture and languages so that we can translate slang better. Generally speaking, the argument of slang is still existed. Some argue that learning slang will destroy English, we should make it normative. Some support that slang is vivid and humorous so we should learn it. In my opinion, slang is an interesting part of the English learning. If we learn English, we should learn the culture, language and life. Meanwhile, we can learn slang better by learning the features and ways of translation of slang. Work cited: à ¥Ã‚ ¼Ã‚  Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 2001 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ à ¦Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ° à ¥Ã‚ Ã… ½Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¨Ã…’Æ’Ã ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ºÃƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¾ à ©Ã‹Å"Ã… ¡Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã…  Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ©  ¼Ã‹â€ 2012 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ °Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…  Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ à ©Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬Å"ˆÃ ¥Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¨Ã…’Æ’Ã ©Ã‚ «Ã‹Å"à §Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å"à §Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã…  Ã‚ ¥ à ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ º  ¼Ã‹â€ 2011 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã‚ ­-à §Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚ ¥ à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã‚ -à ¦-†¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦ Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary à §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ©Ã‚ «Ã‹Å"à ©Ã‹Å" ¶Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ±Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…’à ¨Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ­Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¥Ã…  Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬   à §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ºÃƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¾ à ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ °Ã‹â€ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¾Ã… ½Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ½Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã…’à ¦Ã… ¾Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚  http://wenku.baidu.com/view/5f62d618ff00bed5b9f31dbe.html à ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ °Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…  Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¦- ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ³Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ http://wenku.baidu.com/view/4942e3fd941ea76e58fa04c5.html

Essay --

You do know that milk comes from cows, goats, and other mammals. Though do you ever wonder what it goes through, before you buy it at a supermarket. Milk is used in so many ways. What it contains will amaze you. People have figured out how to contain it so it last much longer. The real amazing thing about any word you say like milk people think they know everything about it there is to know, but they have no clue. There is a history behind every word we use today, people don't look close enough. Since the 1800’s milk has been redefined. During the 1800’s people went on with their daily lives drinking milk believing they knew where it came from. Farmers believed that if you named your cows instead of giving them numbers they would produce much better. People got their milk from a farmer that owned cows. They would bring the cow door to door asking the customer if they wanted to buy it. If these people wanted milk they would come outside with a bucket or bottle to fill it up. Since the farmer had to milk from the side , cause they thought it was safer. They kept the cow clean and well taken care of , the people watched the farmer milk it. The farmers thought if the customers saw a ugly, dragging looking cow they would not buy the milk, cause the customer thought the milk would taste bad. Though in the city this was mostly impossible for the farmer. There was a middle man who would go around the city with a cart to sell milk to people. what the farmer and the customer did not know is that these peopl e were greedy. They sold the milk to the customer for a higher price for a profit. Middle men would also put half of the milk with half water. Though people actually knew where they got their milk from, th... ...teurizing milk, people invent a box. That would allow you to keep it out in the opening and you did not have to be refrigerated. Up until the world war 2 milk was pasteurized, and it was good milk people loved and enjoyed. All lot of farmers believed that this wasn't right to do and it was unfair. So like some farmers kenneth Peak of Claracok Dairy in California would refuse to have their milk pasteurized. Though others new that if they didn't put a stop to raw milk it would harm people and their kids. Straus decided since some people could not afford pasteurized milk he would set up stations. The end of the century came pretty quick and by then he had 12 stations set up N.Y. to pasteurize milk. At the time people used to let water flow by tanks of milk just to keep it cold. Around 1985 people tested pasteurizing but it failed and 5,770 people paid for it.

the history of the internet :: essays research papers

Where would we find ourselves without the Web today? It provides us with a vast amount of information and communication. The world is accessible to us with a click of a button. Maps, stocks, chat and news can all be found in a matter of seconds. Things have greatly evolved from the home PC of the 1980’s - Commodore 64’s and IBM 8088’s, and a life of direct dialing into BBSs at all hours of the night. Every small town of the USA has Internet access; the world is interconnected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upon dialing into your Internet service and launching your browser, you open up a gateway to a variety of information resources. One resource available to you is the portal, Yahoo!. Found at http://www.yahoo.com, this web site includes a plethora of selections, including chat. There are different ways of communicating with this feature. You may download Yahoo! Messenger, an application that works in conjunction with Yahoo! Chat web page. In chat, you can enter rooms of topics of your interest, such as sports, music, or business and speak with people all over the world. You don’t need to download any web browser plug-ins to access chat. You may still converse with people using the Yahoo! Messenger program.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yahoo! Messenger is one of many different instant-messaging programs out there. Similar applications such as ICQ or EGN can be used, but they are independent of any web portal, like Yahoo!. There are advantages and disadvantages to each program. No instant messaging service can communicate with any other. You have to have an account with the same service, as who you want to speak with. But incase you don’t know someone on the service, you can make friends by meeting people in chat rooms or random chat, set up by that particular service. Random chat gives you the ability to meet people, by random, based on what their interests are. Once you have acquired people on your contacts/friends lists, with multiple services (i.e.: friends on AOL/IM and friends on ICQ), you may want to look into downloading Universal Messenger. This program combines your lists of people, from the most popular programs you may have. These include ICQ, AOL/IM, Yahoo!, PowWow, and MSN Me ssenger. This saves on memory (RAM), so you don’t have to run each individual program on your home computer. You must know your logins and passwords for each service, when you first set up Universal Messenger.

Investigating the Effects of Surface Area on the Rate of Reaction Essay

Aim: To study the effects of changing the surface area on the rate of a chemical reaction Hypothesis: This hypothesis is based on the Collision Theory, where in order to react, the two particles involved must: 1. Collide with each other 2. The collision must be energetic enough to overcome the activation energy of the reaction 3. The collision must bring the reactive parts of the molecule into contact the correct way – they must collide with appropriate geometry (the reactive parts) Considering that the surface area of a particle is a factor that mainly affects the collision rate of particles, it would be safe to assume that as the surface area increases, the reaction rate increases. The graph should turn out to be something like this: 1. the reaction is the fastest at the start 2. The reaction is slowing down here 3. No more product is formed Amount of product Time Variables: Variable Factor What is manipulated Dependent Time The time it takes for the reaction to complete depends on the surface area of the compounds being used, because it determines the rate in which the reaction will occur. Independent Volume of the gas collected (H2, CO2) The amount of gas collected for each experiment will depend on the Controlled 1. Mass of Calcium Carbonate (both marble chips and powdered form) 2. Mass of Magnesium (both ribbon and powder) 3. Volume of Hydrochloric Acid 4. Apparatus Used 1. The masses of the substances utilized will remain constantly fixed during the experiment 2. 50 cm3 of HCl will be used for every trial – 550 cm3 in total 3. The apparatus used will remain the same throughout the whole experiment Chemical Reactions: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 1. Magnesium ribbon 2. Hydrogen Gas will be the gas collected 1. 3 Trials will take place 1. Mass of Magnesium ribbon in: 1. Trial 1: 0.064 grams 2. Trial 2: 0.063 grams 3. Trial 3: 0.065 grams CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 1. Marble Chips 2. Carbon Dioxide will be the gas collected 1. 2 Trials will take place 1. Mass of Marble Chips in: 1. Trial 1: 3.998 grams 2. Trial 2: 3.988 grams Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 1. Sodium Carbonate (Powdered) 2. Carbon Dioxide will be the gas collected 1. 2 Trials will take place 1. Mass of Sodium Carbonate 1. Trial 1: 0.504 grams 2. Trial 2: 0.505 grams Apparatus: 1. Eye-Protection – 1 pair of Safety Glasses 2. 1 pair of Scissors 3. 1 Electronic Scale 4. 1 Conical Flask (100cm3) 5. 1 Single-holed rubber bung and delivery tube to fit conical flask 6. 1 Measuring cylinder (100cm3) 7. Stopwatch Chemicals: 1. 12cm of Magnesium Ribbon 2. 550 cm3 of Hydrochloric Acid 3. Marble Chips 4. Sodium Carbonate (Powdered) Method: 1. Set up apparatus as shown 2. Fill the conical flask with 50cm3 of HCl 3. Insert the end of the syringe into the hole on top of the stopper 4. Add the magnesium ribbon 5. Seal the flask with a rubber stopper as quickly as you can, at the same time have someone else present to start the stop watch once the magnesium ribbon has been added to the hydrochloric acid 6. As the reaction takes place, note down the time it takes for the gas collected to reach a multiple of 5 (i.e. 5mL, 10mL †¦.50,55,60,65 etc) 7. Keep measuring until the reaction has stopped, or you are unable to measure anymore 8. Repeat each experiment 3 times, just to be sure the data collected is accurate 9. At step 4, replace the underlined compound with the next compound after one experiment is completed Data Recorded Magnesium Ribbon – Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2 Trial 1 (0.064  ± 0.005 grams) Time (in seconds)  ± 0.05 s Volume (in cm3)  ± 2.5 cm3 Conclusion Unfortunately I was unable to create a graph using time as the independent variable, because the lab that I had utilized did not have the equipment available to accurately to record the data if time were to be the independent variable. Another factor that played into my decision was the fact that the smallest calibration of the glass syringe I used was 5 cm3. Since the only visible measurements shown on the syringe were multiples of 5, it would only seem reasonable that I switch around the variables, making time the dependent variable, and the volume collected the independent variable, since I couldn’t exactly measure how much gas would be collected every 5 seconds; otherwise the relationship the graph would depict would be completely incorrect. As you can see on the graphs, the slightly steep slopes show when the reaction is the quickest, as it should be in the beginning. The curve shows the reaction slowing down, but unfortunately the curve continues. This is because the reaction is still taking place. I was unable to record the rest of the data because the measuring tools that were available weren’t able to record to such a high degree. In some cases though, like in the powdered sodium carbonate experiment, the reaction began so quickly that I wasn’t able to record the time in most cases, so I just stuck with those that I had managed to note down. In other cases, there were so many distractions in the lab that it was difficult to remain focused. My classmates kept removing some if the items that I was using. The idea was to see how the rate of reaction changed when the surface area of a substance was increased. Initially, my plan was to react magnesium ribbon and magnesium powder with 1 mole of Hydrochloric acid; so I could compare and contrast how the surface area of the substance affected the rate of reaction. I had planned to keep everything about the two substances the same. Its element, mass, the amount of Hydrochloric acid I was going to react with it; the only thing different would be its surface area. Unfortunately the Lab didn’t have any available. So I decided to do the same experiment to Calcium Carbonate, this time using marble chips and powdered calcium carbonate. To my dismay I found that the powdered calcium carbonate wasn’t reacting at all. So I had to change it to sodium carbonate. There is skepticism about using different elements, seeing as they have different orders of reactivity. These factors, including the concentration of the acid used, could also affect the rate of reaction. However, the same acid concentration was used for all experiments, in all trials; so we can dismiss that. However, sodium is much higher up the reactivity series than calcium, which is higher up the reactivity series than magnesium. This is the problem with this experiment; the elements positions in the reactivity series could have really altered the rate of reaction. However, the experiments still prove that when the surface area of a substance is increased, the rate of reaction increases as well. This happens because, when two substances react only the surface particles of the substances can come into direct contact with the reactant particles. Increasing a substance’s surface area, like turning big solid chunks of calcium carbonate into powder, leaves more solid particles available to react. The more particles available to react at one time, the faster the rate of the reaction. Like this: Only atoms on the surface can react If you break the substance down, more atoms are exposed and ready to react. Evaluation Considering the lack of material available, I think I was able to manage the experiment fairly enough to produce results. However, I am not pleased with the factors that may or may not have affected my results, and the circumstances in which I had to switch my variables around. Therefore I would like to state a few things I would like to alter, if ever I got the change to do this experiment again. 1. Apparatus 1. Next time, instead of using a stopwatch, I would like to use a digital device, like a laptop for example, that was somehow connected to the glass syringe, which was programmed to record the volume of the gas collected every 5 seconds. This time the graph would turn out the way it should be. 2. Instead of using a measuring cylinder, I would replace it with a burette, as it takes more accurate measurements of liquids. 1. Chemicals Used 1. I would try and used the same element next time; the only difference would be the surface area. For example, if I used magnesium, to study the effects of surface area on the rate of reaction, I would only you magnesium ribbon and magnesium powder. Studying different elements with different reactivity’s would dismiss any data already collected because an element’s position on the reactivity series may also determine the rate of reaction. Use the same element. 1. Amount of People involved in the experiment 1. If I had to do the experiment again, with the same apparatus, I think I would like to have 3 people participating in the collection of data. 1 person would be watching the syringe rise and call out to record whenever it rose, the 2nd person would time it, and the 3rd person would record it. This time, the data may be even more accurate, because no one is taking their eye off the experiment, like I was doing during my experiment just to record data. I feel that altering these aspects of the experiment would increase the level of accuracy, as to get more substantial data to calculate the order of reaction. Unfortunately with the data I have so far, I am unable to derive the concentrations of the substances I had utilized in my experiment. However, as the objective was to investigate whether or not different surface areas affected the rate of the reaction, I think that I have produced enough data to support my theory.